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James Hull Cosmetic cosmetic dentistry

2006-07-18T09:15:00.000-07:00

Having recently moved to Birmingham and being completely passionate about my James Hull Cosmetic dental hygiene I was very pleased to find when searching online that there is a James Hull Dentists in Birmingham
. After booking my appointment my Dental Consultant offer me a range of treatments from Braces, Dental Veneers, cosmetic dentistry to Teeth Whitening. I overlooked the cosmetic dentistry but had the teeth whitening treatment which was has a new laser teeth whitening technology which is apparently the first in Birmingham. James Hull Dentists in Birmingham are centrally located and are without a doubt the best Cosmetic Dentists in Birmingham has to offer.

Abbot, Charles Greeley

2005-11-19T02:00:00.000-08:00

The youngest of four children of a New Hampshire farming family,

Sertorius, Quintus

2005-10-16T22:45:00.000-07:00

After acquiring some reputation in Rome as a jurist and orator, Sertorius fought in Gaul against the invading Cimbri and Teutons (105 and 102) and in 97 served in Spain. In 90 he was quaestor in Cisalpine Gaul and commanded an army in the

Venison

2005-07-28T01:25:00.000-07:00

Venison resembles beef and mutton in texture, colour, and other general characteristics. It has virtually the same chemical composition as beef but is less fatty. Lean venison roast, before cooking, contains by weight approximately 75 percent water, 20 percent

Silica Gel

2005-07-26T06:55:00.000-07:00

Silica gel was known as early as 1640, but it remained a curiosity until its adsorbent properties were found useful in gas masks during World War I. It is generally prepared by acidification

Swallow

2005-07-23T19:30:00.000-07:00

Any of the 74 species of the bird family Hirundinidae (order Passeriformes). A few, including the bank swallow, are called martins (see martin; see also woodswallow; for sea swallow, see tern). Swallows are small, with pointed narrow wings, short bills, and small weak feet; some species have forked tails. Plumage may be plain or marked with metallic blue or green; the sexes look

Marrakech

2005-07-08T17:05:00.000-07:00

Marrakech gave its name to the kingdom of which it was long the capital. It was founded in the mid-11th century by

Rio De Janeiro

2005-07-06T21:20:00.000-07:00

Estado (“state”) of southeastern Brazil, bounded by the states of Espírito Santo (north), Minas Gerais (west), and São Paulo (southwest), while to the east lies the Atlantic Ocean. It is named for the city of Rio de Janeiro, the state capital, which was the capital of Brazil from 1763 to 1960 and remains the nation's main centre for cultural events, leisure, and tourism. It is Brazil's second largest

Lowestoft Porcelain

2005-06-30T23:25:00.000-07:00

English phosphatic soft-paste ware, resembling Bow porcelain, produced in Lowestoft, Suffolk, from 1757 to 1802; the wares are of a domestic kind, such as pots, teapots, and jugs. Generally on a small scale and light in weight, they are decorated in white and blue or in a polychrome that utilizes a bright brick red. After 1770 transfer printing was used. The shapes were copied from silverwork

Fyffe, Will

2005-06-23T05:30:00.000-07:00

As a child Fyffe toured Scotland in his father's stock company; he made his debut as Little Willie in East Lynne. A precocious actor, he played the aged Polonius in Shakespeare's Hamlet when only 15, after which

Tragedy, Aeschylus: the first great tragedian

2005-06-21T11:15:00.000-07:00

It is this last question that Aeschylus asks most insistently in his two most famous works, the Oresteia (a trilogy comprising Agamemnon, Choephoroi, and Eumenides) and Prometheus Bound (the first part of a trilogy of which the last two parts have been lost): is it right that Orestes, a young man in no way responsible for his situation, should be commanded by a god, in the name

Procuracy

2005-06-16T14:50:00.000-07:00

Russian Prokuratura, in the former Soviet legal system, a government bureau concerned with ensuring administrative legality. The Soviet constitution invested the procurator general (Russian: generalny prokuror) with the responsibility of supervising the observance of the law by all government ministries and institutions subordinate to them, as well as by individual officials

Clare

2005-06-13T09:35:00.000-07:00

Town, southeastern South Australia, 80 miles (130 km) north of Adelaide. Founded in 1842, it was named for the Irish county in which one of its early settlers was born. In 1851, Jesuits planted the first vineyard of the district. Grapes for table use and wine making, along with other fruits, grains, livestock, and dairy products, now form the basis of the local economy. Declared a municipality

Ibiza

2005-06-01T19:15:00.000-07:00

Also spelled Iviza, or Ivica, island, Balearic Islands provincia and comunidad autónoma (“autonomous community”), Spain, one of the Balearic Islands in the western Mediterranean. It lies 50 mi (80 km) southwest of Majorca and has an area of 221 sq mi (572 sq km). A strategic point of great importance in ancient times, the island was inhabited by the Phoenicians and Carthaginians and has some notable archaeological

Lynch, Charles Birchell

2005-05-18T09:25:00.000-07:00

Canadian journalist and author (b. Dec. 3, 1919, Cambridge, Mass.--d. July 21, 1994, Ottawa, Ont.), was a gifted storyteller who attracted a wide and loyal readership as the longtime (1958-84) Ottawa syndicated columnist for Southam News Services. Lynch's folksy approach endeared him to English-speaking readers throughout much of the country. In his political commentaries, he boasted of "slipping

France, History Of, Conscription

2005-05-16T14:50:00.000-07:00

Building on the Directory's conscription law of September 1798, the Napoleonic regime, after considerable trial and error, had created the mechanisms for imposing on the citizens of France and the annexed territories the distasteful obligation of military service. Each year the Ministry of War Administration assigned a quota of conscripts for every department.

Dance, Western, Experiments

2005-05-14T00:30:00.000-07:00

Technological progress itself became the subject of dance and dancing. In the Soviet Union, there were experiments during the 1920s with dances created to express urban traffic, the accuracy of machine work, and the grandeur of skyscrapers. In Germany, the painter Oskar Schlemmer (1888–1943) realized his vision of a dance of pure, geometric form in the Triadisches Ballet performed

Computers, The Internet

2005-03-15T00:35:00.000-08:00

The Internet grew out of funding by the U.S. Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), later renamed the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), to develop a communication system among government and academic computer-research laboratories. The first network component, ARPANET, became operational in October 1969. With only 15 nongovernment (university) sites

Ba'qubah

2005-03-14T10:40:00.000-08:00

Town, east-central Iraq. Located on the Diyala River and on a road and a rail line between Baghdad and Iran, it is a regional trade centre for agricultural produce and livestock. The name comes from the Aramaic Baya 'quba, meaning �Jacob's house.� The town is located on the site of a settlement dating back to pre-Islamic times. Under the 'Abbasid caliphate, it was a prosperous town known

Jansch, Bert

2005-03-11T05:56:00.000-08:00

Influenced by American folk-blues performers such as Big Bill Broonzy, Jansch was part of the folk scene in Edinburgh,

Qayrawan, Al-

2005-03-04T01:12:00.000-08:00

Also spelled �Qairouan, or Kairouan, � town, north-central Tunisia. The town, one of the holy cities of Islam, lies on the Low Steppes, a semiarid alluvial plain southeast of the Central Tell. Founded in 670 on the site of the Byzantine fortress of Kamouinia, it served as the camp from which the offensive was launched that resulted in the Islamic political and religious subjugation of the Maghrib (northwest Africa).

Chernogorsk

2005-03-03T08:44:00.000-08:00

Also spelled �Cernogorsk, � city, Khakassia republic, south-central Russia, situated just west of the port of Podkunino on the Yenisey River. The city is the centre of mining in the Minusinsk coal basin, which has been in operation since before 1917. Consumer-goods industries are also important. Chernogorsk became a city in 1936. A mining college is located there. Pop. (1993 est.) 80,000.

Buzau

2005-03-02T03:08:00.000-08:00

City, capital of Buzau judet (county), southeastern Romania, on the Buzau River, approximately 60 miles (100 km) northeast of Bucharest. Its location near the foothills of the Eastern Carpathians at the limit of the Danube Plain fostered its development as a market and trading centre. It was first documented in the records of the Brasov merchants in a reference to the Buzau Fair of

Earthquake, Tokyo - Yokohama

2005-03-01T04:29:00.000-08:00

A great earthquake struck the Tokyo - Yokohama metropolitan area near noon on Sept. 1, 1923. The death toll from this shock was estimated at more than 140,000. Fifty-four percent of the brick buildings and 10 percent of the reinforced concrete structures collapsed. Many hundreds of thousands of houses were either shaken down or burned. The shock started a tsunami that reached a height

Earthquake, Tokyo - Yokohama

2005-02-28T04:59:00.000-08:00

Pig Iron

2005-02-27T17:06:00.000-08:00

Crude iron obtained directly from the blast furnace and cast in molds. See cast iron.

Swallowtail Butterfly

2005-02-26T22:26:00.000-08:00

Any member of the insect subfamily Papilioninae of the cosmopolitan family Papilionidae (order Lepidoptera). The swallowtail butterflies (Papilio), found worldwide except in the Arctic, are named for the characteristic taillike extensions of the hindwings, although many species are tailless. Colour patterns vary; many species have yellow,

Elisha Ben Abuyah

2005-02-25T00:43:00.000-08:00

Byname �Aher� Jewish scholar who renounced his faith and who came to be regarded in later ages as a prototype of the heretic whose intellectual pride leads him to infidelity to Jewish laws and morals. In the Talmud, Elisha is not mentioned by name but is usually referred to as Aher (�the Other,� or �Another�). His renunciation of Judaism was considered doubly heinous because he was a tanna

X�nthi

2005-02-24T13:39:00.000-08:00

Though the city's origins are obscure, it grew up beneath the Byzantine fortress of Xanthea and later became a summer colony of

Papandreou, Georgios

2005-02-23T09:19:00.000-08:00

Papandreou studied at the University of Athens (L.L.D., 1911) and in Germany. He began his political career in 1915, served as governor of the Aegean Islands (1917 - 20), and was minister of education (1929 - 33) in the liberal antimonarchist government of Eleuth�rios Veniz�los. He broke away from

Biblical Literature, Leviticus

2005-02-22T21:31:00.000-08:00

The cultic and priestly laws presented in Exodus are expanded to take up virtually the whole of Leviticus, the Latin Vulgate title for the third of the Five Books of Moses, which may be translated the Book (or Manual) of Priests. With one exception (chapters 8 - 10), the narrative portions are brief connective or introductory devices to give an ostensibly narrative framework

Carnival

2005-02-21T15:59:00.000-08:00

The merrymaking and festivity that takes place in many Roman Catholic countries in the last days and hours before the Lenten season. The derivation of the word is uncertain, though it possibly can be traced to the medieval Latin carnem levare or carnelevarium, which means to take away or remove meat. This coincides with the fact that carnival is the final festivity

O'higgins, Bernardo

2005-02-20T00:52:00.000-08:00

Bernardo O'Higgins was born in Chill�n, a town in southern Chile, then a colony of Spain. As noted in his certificate of Baptism, he was the illegitimate

China, The Tangut

2005-02-19T06:09:00.000-08:00

In the northwest the Tangut, a Tibetan people, inhabited the region between the far end of the Great Wall in modern Kansu and the Huang Ho bend in Inner Mongolia. Their semioasis economy combined irrigated agriculture with pastoralism. Their control over the terminus of the famous Silk Road made them middlemen in trade between Central Asia and China. They adopted

Beyers, C.f.

2005-02-18T02:47:00.000-08:00

A graduate of Victoria College (now Stellenbosch University), Beyers migrated to the Transvaal, where he was naturalized and practiced as a lawyer. Joining the Boer forces in 1899, he rose

Melanesian Culture

2005-02-17T05:50:00.000-08:00

The beliefs and practices of those indigenous peoples of the Pacific Islands grouped as Melanesia. The islands include (generally from west to east) the island of New Guinea, the Admiralty Islands, and the Bismarck and Louisiade archipelagoes; the Solomon Islands and the Santa Cruz Islands; New Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands; Vanuatu (formerly New Hebrides); Fiji;

Anicca

2005-02-16T18:47:00.000-08:00

Sanskrit �Anitya, � in Buddhism, the doctrine of impermanence, one of the basic characteristics of all existence. Anicca, anatta (the absence of a self), and dukkha (�suffering�) together make up the ti-lakkhana, or three characteristics of all phenomenal existence. That the human body is subject to change is empirically observable in the universal states of childhood, youth, maturity, and old

Aerospace Engineering

2005-02-15T18:54:00.000-08:00

The aerospace engineer is armed with an extensive background suitable for employment in most positions traditionally occupied by mechanical engineers as well as limited positions in the other various engineering disciplines. The transportation, construction, communication, and energy industries provide the most opportunities for non-aerospace

Pittacus Of Mytilene

2005-02-14T02:08:00.000-08:00

Statesman and sage who is known as one of the Seven Wise Men of ancient Greece. He collaborated with the brothers of the poet Alcaeus in the overthrow of the tyrant Melanchrus (612/611?) and distinguished himself as a commander in the war against Athens for Sigium, killing the Athenian commander, Phrynon, single-handedly. He was elected aisymnetes (dictator appointed during

Cohoes

2005-02-13T11:19:00.000-08:00

City, Albany county, eastern New York, U.S. It lies at the Cohoes Falls (locally called the Great Falls; 70 feet [21 metres] high) of the Mohawk River, where it tumbles into the Hudson River. Settled in 1665 by the Dutch Van Schaick family on the colonial military road between Albany (10 miles [16 km] south) and Lake George, its name is of Algonquian origin and means �pine tree.� Growth was influenced

Gullstrand, Allvar

2005-02-12T14:03:00.000-08:00

Gullstrand studied in Uppsala, Vienna, and Stockholm, earning a doctorate in 1890. He became professor of diseases of the eye at Uppsala in 1894 and in 1913 was appointed professor of physiological

Flood

2005-02-11T18:21:00.000-08:00

High-water stage in which water overflows its natural or artificial banks onto normally dry land, such as a river inundating its floodplain. The effects of floods on human well-being range from unqualified blessings to catastrophes. The regular seasonal spring floods of the Nile River prior to construction of the Aswan High Dam, for example, were depended upon to

Han Hsiang

2005-02-10T21:59:00.000-08:00

Pinyin �Han Xiang, � in Chinese mythology, one of the Pa Hsien, the Eight Immortals of Taoism. He desired to make flowers bloom in an instant and to produce fine-tasting wine without using grain. When his uncle scoffed at the idea, Han Hsiang performed the impossible before his uncle's eyes: flowers suddenly appeared in bloom from a clod of earth. In addition, a mysterious poem of 14 golden characters

'ali Ar-rida

2005-02-08T20:50:00.000-08:00

In full �Abu Al-hasan Ibn Musa Ibn Ja'far 'ali Ar-rida� eighth imam of the Twelver Shi'ites, noted for his piety and learning until 817, when the caliph al-Ma'mun, in an attempt to heal the division between the majority Sunnites and the Shi'ites, appointed him his successor. The appointment aroused varying reactions - few of them, even among the Shi'ites, wholly favourable - and Iraq, already irritated

Industrial Design

2005-02-07T18:47:00.000-08:00

Design of products made by large-scale industry for mass distribution. Designing such products means, first, planning their structure, operation, and appearance and then planning these to fit efficient production, distribution, and selling procedures. Clearly, appearance is but one factor in such a complex process. Nevertheless, in consumer goods especially, appearance

Gonfalonier

2005-02-04T17:47:00.000-08:00

In Florence the gonfaloniers of the companies (gonfalonieri di compagnia) originated during the 1250s as commanders of the people's militia. In the 1280s a new office called the gonfalonier of justice (gonfaloniere di giustizia) was instituted to protect the interests of the people against

Monel

2005-02-03T13:57:00.000-08:00

Any of a group of nickel-copper alloys, first developed in 1905, containing about 66 percent nickel and 31.5 percent copper, with small amounts of iron, manganese, carbon, and silicon. Stronger than pure nickel, Monel alloys are resistant to corrosion by many agents, including rapidly flowing seawater. They can be fabricated readily by hot- and cold-working, machining, and welding.

Ts�vi�

2005-02-02T00:18:00.000-08:00

Town, southern Togo, West Africa. It is located about 20 miles (32 km) north of Lom�, the national capital. The town constitutes an important centre for palm oil processing and a major market for commercial trade among Togo's r�gions. Ts�vi� has road and railway links with Nots�, Atakpam�, and Blitta to the north and with Lom� to the south. The Ewe people inhabit Ts�vi� and the surrounding

Ts�vi�

2005-02-01T02:14:00.000-08:00

United Arab Emirates

2005-01-31T02:04:00.000-08:00

The union's economy is dominated by the petroleum produced in the Abu Dhabi and Dubayy emirates; it is estimated that reserves in Abu Dhabi will last until about the end of the 21st century, while those in Dubayy probably will run out sooner. The richest of the emirates, Abu Dhabi, contains nearly one-tenth of the world's oil reserves and contributes more than half of the

Ghalib, Mirza Asadullah Khan

2005-01-30T14:10:00.000-08:00

Born into an aristocratic family, Ghalib passed his youth in luxury. Subsequently, he was granted a small pension by the British government but had to struggle against penury and hardships. Recognition finally came in 1850, when

Rebec

2005-01-29T21:05:00.000-08:00

Bowed, stringed musical instrument of European medieval and early Renaissance music. It was originally called a rubebe, developed about the 11th century from the similar Arab rabab, and was carried to Spain with Muslim culture. Like the rabab, the rebec had a shallow, pear-shaped body, but on the rebec the rabab's skin belly was replaced by wood and a fingerboard was added. The

Macaulay (of Rothley), Thomas Babington Macaulay, Baron

2005-01-28T11:29:00.000-08:00

English Whig politician, essayist, poet, and historian best known for his History of England, 5 vol. (1849 - 61); this work, which covers the period 1688 - 1702, secured his place as one of the founders of what has been called the Whig interpretation of history. He was raised to the peerage in 1857.

Xenarthran

2005-01-27T03:20:00.000-08:00

Alfred L. Gardner, �Order Xenarthra,� in Don E. Wilson and DeeAnn M. Reeder (eds.), Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (1993), pp. 63 - 68, provides lists of the families, genera, and species of the Xenarthra; the author is a wildlife biologist and curator of mammals at the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History. Gerald G. Montgomery (ed.), The Evolution and Ecology of Armadillos, Sloths, and Vermilinguas (1985), compiles 43 well-illustrated scholarly reports on all aspects of xenarthran biology, including pathology and parasitology.

Ucayali

2005-01-26T19:12:00.000-08:00

Departamento of eastern Peru (until 1980 part of Loreto department) spanning the upper and middle sections of the meandering Ucayali River, a principal tributary of the Amazon. Formerly a very isolated area of Peru, Ucayali department experienced rapid population growth (particularly at Pucallpa [q.v.], the departmental capital) after 1945 with the completion of a road system

Asbury Park

2005-01-25T04:00:00.000-08:00

City, Monmouth county, eastern New Jersey, U.S. The city lies along the Atlantic Ocean coast in the midst of a string of seaside communities. It was founded in 1871 by James A. Bradley, a New York manufacturer, who named it for the Reverend Francis Asbury, founder of Methodism in the United States. A spectacular ship disaster (September 1934) killed 122 persons when the Morro Castle caught

Microscope, The compound microscope

2005-01-24T18:00:00.000-08:00

The compound microscope, using an objective and an eyepiece, was first described in the 16th century, but all drawings of the period indicate very impractical arrangements of lenses. The first useful compound microscope was constructed in the Netherlands sometime between 1590 and 1608. Three spectacle makers - Hans Jansen, his son Zacharias, and Hans Lippershey - have each received

Vladimir

2005-01-23T17:44:00.000-08:00

Oblast (province), western Russia. It is centred on Vladimir city and lies east of Moscow in the basin of the Oka River. The greater part is a low plain, with extensive swamps in the south. The oblast has spruce, pine, and oak, but much of the forest has been cleared. Industries produce textiles, engineering goods, timber goods, and glassware. Agriculture is concentrated chiefly

China, Political developments

2005-01-22T14:20:00.000-08:00

The socialist transformation of agriculture, industry, and commerce thus went relatively smoothly. Nevertheless, changes of this sort could not take place without considerable tensions. Many peasants streamed into the cities in 1956 - 57 to escape the new cooperatives and to seek employment in the rapidly expanding state-run factories, where government policy kept

Tritone

2005-01-21T23:56:00.000-08:00

In musical notation the tritone is written either as an augmented

Daudet, Alphonse

2005-01-20T02:49:00.000-08:00

French short-story writer and novelist, now remembered chiefly as the author of sentimental tales of provincial life in the south of France.

Biblical Literature, III Maccabees

2005-01-19T01:56:00.000-08:00

The Greek book called The Third Book of Maccabees itself has nothing to do with the Maccabean period. Its content is a legend, a miraculous story of deliverance, which is also independently told - in another historical context - by Josephus (Against Apion II, 5). In III Maccabees the story takes place during the reign of Ptolemy IV Philopator (reigned 221 - 203 BCE). The central episode

Don Quixote

2005-01-18T19:21:00.000-08:00

Spanish �in full El Ingenioso Hidalgo Don Quijote De La Mancha, � novel published in two parts (Part I, 1605; Part II, 1615) by Miguel de Cervantes, one of the most widely read classics of Western literature. Originally conceived as a comic satire against the chivalric romances then in literary vogue, it describes realistically what befalls an elderly knight who, his head bemused by reading romances, sets out on his old horse Rosinante, with his

Eclipse

2005-01-17T05:18:00.000-08:00

The occultation of the Crab Nebula by the solar corona, the extensive outer atmosphere of the Sun, takes place each year in June. The Crab Nebula is a radio source (Taurus A), and, when the occultation occurs, its pattern of radio emission is observed to broaden significantly. The broadening is attributed to scattering of radio-frequency radiation by the density irregularities

Arts, Southeast Asian, Sculpture

2005-01-16T05:28:00.000-08:00

The Thai kings made repeated attempts to �purify� their conservative Theravada strain of Buddhism, importing patterns of art along with texts and learned monks from Ceylon and trying to wean their people from worship of the spirits. To retain the greatest spiritual potency, Buddha icons in Thai temples had to be as close in type as possible to a great original prototype

Topeka Constitution

2005-01-15T23:05:00.000-08:00

The Kansas - Nebraska Act of 1854 had opened the two territories to settlement under the �popular sovereignty� doctrine - that is, the settlers themselves were supposed to decide the slavery question within their borders

Levi-montalcini, Rita

2005-01-14T22:31:00.000-08:00

Levi-Montalcini studied medicine at the University of Turin and did research there on the

Top Moss

2005-01-13T00:01:00.000-08:00

Common species of urn moss (q.v.).

Top Moss

2005-01-12T04:59:00.000-08:00

Common species of urn moss (q.v.).

Amorg�s Island

2005-01-11T18:50:00.000-08:00

Modern Greek �N�sos Amorg�s, � island trending northeast-southwest in the Cyclades (Kikl�dhes) group of the Greek Aegean Islands. For the most part mountainous and narrow, it has an area of about 47 square miles (121 square km). Prosperous in the early Bronze Age, in classical times it had three cities, Arcesine, Minoa, and Aegiale. The island produced amorgina, fine transparent fabrics made from locally grown

Gyrfalcon

2005-01-10T19:39:00.000-08:00

(Falco rusticolus), Arctic bird of prey of the family Falconidae, the world's largest falcon (q.v.). The gyrfalcon may reach 60 cm (2 feet) in length. Confined as a breeder to the circumpolar region except for isolated populations in Central Asian highlands, it is sometimes seen at lower latitudes in winters when food is scarce. The gyrfalcon varies from pure white with black speckling

Utrecht School

2005-01-09T20:29:00.000-08:00

Principally a group of three Dutch painters - Dirck van Baburen (c. 1590 - 1624), Gerrit van Honthorst (1590 - 1656; see photograph), and Hendrik Terbrugghen (1588 - 1629) - who went to Rome and fell fully under the pervasive influence of Caravaggio's art before returning to Utrecht. Although none of them ever actually met Caravaggio (d. 1610), each had access to his paintings, knew his former patrons, and was influenced

Mole Valley

2005-01-08T17:54:00.000-08:00

District, administrative and historic county of Surrey, England. The River Mole, from which the district takes its name, flows northward across it to join the Thames at Hampton Court, west of London; the river cuts through a line of chalk hills (the North Downs) in a steep-sided valley that is followed by road and rail routes. South of the Downs is a narrow lowland and then

Printmaking, France

2005-01-07T04:21:00.000-08:00

Most 18th-century French etchings were drawings transferred to copper, in which the effects of pencil, pen, or chalk were imitated. Although some distinguished painters, such as Antoine Watteau, made etchings, no prints of importance were produced. Jean-Honor� Fragonard made a few lovely etchings reminiscent of Tiepolo. They have a luminous, transparent quality and

Carte Du Ciel

2005-01-06T21:59:00.000-08:00

(French: �Map of the Heavens�), projected photographic mapping of some 10 million stars in all parts of the sky that was planned to include all stars of the 14th magnitude or brighter and to list in an associated catalog all of the 12th magnitude or brighter. The plan, devised about 1887 by Am�d�e Mouchez, director of the Paris Observatory, involved the cooperation of 18 observatories

Caribou

2005-01-05T18:36:00.000-08:00

In North America, a native species of reindeer (q.v.).

Cos

2005-01-04T22:15:00.000-08:00

A ragged limestone ridge runs along the southern coast. The highest point of the island, Mount Dh�kaios (2,776 feet [846 m]), divides the island near its centre. A fertile lowland stretches along the north coast that is irrigated by the deep springs of the Pri�n Ridge, which also provides

Ijsselmeer

2005-01-03T11:18:00.000-08:00

The dam that formed the IJsselmeer lies about 25 feet (8 m) above sea level and is 19 miles (31 km) long,

Ijsselmeer

2005-01-02T01:20:00.000-08:00

The dam that formed the IJsselmeer lies about 25 feet (8 m) above sea level and is 19 miles (31 km) long,

Art And Architecture, Egyptian, Relief sculpture and painting

2005-01-01T07:46:00.000-08:00

The beginnings of the dynastic tradition can be found in tombs of the 3rd

Habash, George

2004-12-31T00:33:00.000-08:00

Habash was forced to flee Palestine in 1948, after the State of Israel was established there, and earned a medical degree at the American University in Beirut, Lebanon. In the early 1950s he was active in the �Youth of Vengeance� group, which advocated violent

Levi Ben Gershom

2004-12-30T11:49:00.000-08:00

In 1321 Levi wrote his first work, Sefer ha-mispar (�Book of the Number�), dealing with arithmetical operations, including extraction of roots. In De sinibus, chordis et arcubus (1342; �On Sines, Chords, and Arcs�) he presented an original derivation of the sine theorem for plane triangles

Crambo

2004-12-29T17:58:00.000-08:00

Plural �cramboes�, also called �capping the rhyme � a game in which one player gave a word or line of verse to be matched in rhyme by other players. Thus, one said, �I know a word that rhymes with bird.� A second asked, �Is it ridiculous?� �No, it is not absurd.� �Is it a part of speech?� �No, it is not a word.� This proceeded until the right word was guessed. Under the name of the ABC of Aristotle, crambo reportedly was played in England as early as

Madison

2004-12-28T23:55:00.000-08:00

City, capital of Wisconsin, U.S., and seat of Dane county. It lies in the south-central part of the state, partly on an isthmus between lakes Mendota and Monona, which with lakes Waubesa and Kegonsa to the southeast form the �four lakes� group. Founded by James Duane Doty in 1836 (a year of frenzied land speculation in the newly created Territory of Wisconsin), it was named for President

Biblical Literature, New Testament history

2004-12-27T14:50:00.000-08:00

(Jewish culture and history): Standard works are R.H. Pfeiffer (op. cit.); and George F. Moore, Judaism in the First Centuries of the Christian Era, 3 vol. (1927 - 30). (Qumran, Dead Sea Scrolls): Frank Moore Cross. Jr. (op. cit.); on Qumran and New Testament problems, see Krister Stendahl (ed.), The Scrolls and the New Testament (1958). (Greco-Roman culture and history): William W. Tarn, Hellenistic Civilisation, 3rd ed. rev. (1952). For a broad cultural comparison, see Eric R. Dodds, Pagan and Christian in an Age of Anxiety (1965). (Pauline chronology): The debate can be best assessed by comparing John Knox, Chapters in a Life of Paul (1950), with Dieter Georgi, Die Geschichte der Kollekte des Paulus f�r Jerusalem (1965).

Caxias

2004-12-26T11:34:00.000-08:00

City, east central Maranh�o state, northeastern Brazil, on the Rio Itapicuru, at 207 ft (63 m) above sea level. Formerly known as S�o Jos� das Aldeias Altas, it was renamed to honour Luis Alves de Lima e Silva, duque de Caxias, governor and military commander in Maranh�o (1837). The city is the commercial centre of eastern Maranh�o and processes rice, cotton, carnauba and babassu palms

Syvash

2004-12-25T19:41:00.000-08:00

Also spelled �Sivash, or Siva

Mountain

2004-12-24T20:26:00.000-08:00

Mountains and mountain belts exist because tectonic processes have created and maintained high elevations in the face of erosion, which works to destroy them. The topography of a mountain belt depends not only on the processes that create the elevated terrain but also on the forces that support this terrain and on the types of processes (erosional or tectonic)

Narodnik

2004-12-23T21:39:00.000-08:00

Plural �Narodniki, or Narodniks, � member of a 19th-century socialist movement in Russia who believed that political propaganda among the peasantry would lead to the awakening of the masses and, through their influence, to the liberalization of the tsarist regime. Because Russia was a predominantly agricultural country, the peasants represented the majority of the people (narod): hence the name of

Coke, Thomas

2004-12-22T05:42:00.000-08:00

Coke was ordained an Anglican priest in 1772 and served as curate at South Petherton, Somerset, from 1772 to 1776. After meeting Wesley, however,

Brackley, Thomas Egerton, Viscount, Baron Ellesmere

2004-12-21T16:44:00.000-08:00

Educated at Brasenose College, Oxford, and called to the bar by Lincoln's Inn in 1572, Egerton was promoted rapidly under Queen Elizabeth I, becoming lord keeper of the great seal in

South Ayrshire

2004-12-20T09:14:00.000-08:00

Cattle are raised on the Kyle plain in the north, and cattle and sheep on the Carrick uplands

Cable Television

2004-12-19T11:01:00.000-08:00

Generally, any system that distributes television signals by means of coaxial or fibre-optic cables. The term also includes systems that distribute signals solely via satellite. Cable-television systems originated in the United States in the early 1950s and were designed to improve reception of commercial network broadcasts in remote and hilly areas. During the

Latin-faliscan Languages

2004-12-17T06:55:00.000-08:00

Language group proposed by some scholars to be included in the Italic branch of Indo-European languages. The group includes Latin, which emanated from Rome, and Faliscan, spoken in the Falerii district in southeastern Etruria. Closely related to Latin, Faliscan is known from a few short inscriptions written in the Etruscan alphabet. The other subdivision of Italic

Azulejo

2004-12-16T17:43:00.000-08:00

(from Arabic az-zulayj, �little stone�), Spanish and later principally Portuguese tiles produced from the 14th century onward. At first the term was used to denote only North African mosaics, but it became the accepted word for an entirely decorated tile about 5 to 6 inches (13 to 15 centimetres) square. In the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal imported azulejo tiles from Spain, and their

Halibut

2004-12-15T01:28:00.000-08:00

The Atlantic halibut (H. hippoglossus) is found on both sides

War Hawk

2004-12-14T14:16:00.000-08:00

In U.S. history, any of the expansionists primarily composed of young Southerners and Westerners elected to the U.S. Congress in 1810, whose territorial ambitions in the Northwest and Florida inspired them to agitate for war with Great Britain. The War Hawks, who included such future political leaders as Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun, fiercely and aggressively resented

Framingham

2004-12-12T07:47:00.000-08:00

Town (township), Middlesex county, eastern Massachusetts, U.S. It lies along the Sudbury River, about 20 miles (32 km) west of Boston. Settled in 1650, it was incorporated in 1700 and derived its name from Framlingham, Suffolk, England. Framingham Center, just north of the downtown area, was the original village. Framingham's industrial development dates from 1835, with the utilization of local

Balkhash, Lake

2004-12-11T18:02:00.000-08:00

Kazak �Balqash� lake, situated in east-central Kazakstan. The lake lies in the vast Balqash-Alak�l basin at 1,122 feet (342 m) above sea level and is situated 600 miles (966 km) east of the Aral Sea. It is 376 miles (605 km) long from west to east. Its area varies within significant limits, depending on the water balance. In years in which there is an abundance of water (as at the beginning of the 20th century and in the decade

Bream

2004-12-10T07:30:00.000-08:00

The